Enjo-Kosai Essay Example

Enjo-Kosai Essay How does the media reflect the  society of Japan? Please explain by citing three topics from the lecture. During these ten years, there are quite a lot of productions like movies and dramas which are talking about Enjo-kosai (shorten form Enko). This trend reflects that Enko is getting more and more serious in Japan society. This essay will explain how movies, dramas and even foreign magazine reflect the Enko problem in Japan, and the reasons of the Enko phenomenon. By the definition of Mr. Ho Ku (a part-time lecturer of department of Japanese Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and creator of cross-media), Enjo-kosai (shorten form Enko), was a new term in 90’s which is from Japan. Initially, it means young girls agree to date with men in order to earn money but not necessarily accompany with sex. However, as the social climate’s deterioration, Enko becomes a synonymy of students’ prostitution. The Enko problem was first reported by Asahi Shinbun on September 20, 1994. However, its widespread attention was attracted by a TV drama â€Å"Kamisama, mosukoshidake ( )† which was produced by Fuji Television Network and starred by Takeshi Kaneshiro and Kyoko Fukada in 1998. In the story, Fukada is a high school student and Kaneshiro is a talented musician. In order to earn money for buying Kaneshiro’s concert ticket, Fukada done the Enko job. Although thay fall in love through this opportunity, Fukada is infected with HIV. Besides, in 2006, in a mini drama called â€Å"Tsubasa no oreta Tenshitachi ( † which was written by a famous mobile-novel writer called Yoshi, the leading role of one of the stories which was performed by Ueto Aya, was a girl grew up in a poor family and participates in Enko in order to become a young lady of note. Actually, there was a movie â€Å"Shibuya 24 hours† which is also talk about three Enko girls in 1996. In 2001, the protagonist in Iwai Shunji’s film production â€Å"All about Lili Chou-C hou†, is a girl who is suffering from Enko’s affliction. We will write a custom essay sample on Enjo-Kosai specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Enjo-Kosai specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Enjo-Kosai specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, in 2004, a movie â€Å"Deep Love† which was adapted from a big hit mobile-novel that was also written by Yoshi, is also talking about the high school girl Ayumi’s experiences and her inner feelings with Enko job. Even in the film â€Å"Initial D†, the role of Suzuki An is a girl who participates in Enko because of family reasons. Besides these art productions about Enko, there are many reporting media want to discuss this social problem. Such as influential mass media as TV Asahi, also made Enko into entertainment shows and broadcast. They even advertising some Enko girls’ contact number, photos and price. This social phenomenon also attracts foreign media to report it. In 2001, the very famous foreign text media, Time Magazine’s Asian version was also discussed about Enko. In the report, the correspondent has interviewed a girl who was quitted from Enko job. She talks about the reasons of doing Enko, also her feelings while she was doing and after she was quitted from Enko in the interview. According to a research from the Internet, proportion of Enko in high school girls is surprisingly high. There is 32. 3% of high school year two girls has doing Enko, and for year three students the proportion is as high as 44. 7%. One reporter of Japanese magazine â€Å"Shyukan Bunshun ( )† Kuronuma was working on the probe into Enko phenomenon between secondary girls and his investigation reports have won the Japanese magazine award. Kuronuma originally thought that Enko participators are those â€Å"bad girl† type girls. However, quite a lot of those Enko girls are studying in famous schools with outstanding academic results. Therefore, what makes the girls want to earn money that much? Still according to Kuronuma’s reports, the girls making money mainly for enjoying middle-class living style, that is enjoy famous brand products and high level consumption. Most of the girls were born in Japan’s â€Å"lost decade†, therefore it is rather difficult for them to maintain high consumption living style by themselves. Also, they are not willing to give up the high costing lives. Enko then comes with the tide of fashion. Hong Kong local Japanese culture research worker and writer Tong Ching-siu, points out that one of the Enko reasons is the popularity of mobile in his newspaper column in August 2009. Japanese usually use mobile e-mail and network services, service charges would naturally increase. However, the more important point is that most people have used services of dating sites, so an over 10,000 yen bill has become their basic expenses every month. After the economic environment of Japan became sluggish, the average wages of chain restaurants can be as low as 600 yen an hour. While girls can get 20,000 to 30,000 yen every time by Enko, Tokyo girls can get as high as 50,000 yen. As those girls have tried once, it is more difficult for them to return to the normal part-time jobs. The world tends to blame those girls who doing Enko, but they still have their own value of decision-making about sex and every girl’s reasons of doing Enko are different. Anyway, Enko is just the process but not the purpose. Instead of just criticizing them, the more important is we need to make an effort to understand them, accept them and solve the problem from different aspects of society, in order to let Enko is no longer their only way out. References: , , Enrich Publishing Ltd. , 2009, Page 25 http://www. truth-light. org. hk/article_v1/doc/a0000891. doc http://www. time. com/time/asia/features/sex/sexenjo. html http://www. wretch. cc/blog/ozo/2625806

Yukon Jack Essays - Klondike Gold Rush, Jack London, To Build A Fire

Yukon Jack Essays - Klondike Gold Rush, Jack London, To Build A Fire Yukon Jack The short lived life of Jack London is a direct reflection of his literary works major theme, the struggle for survival of strong men driven by primitive emotions. ?To Build A Fire? and White Fang are two of his works that coincide his life experiences and illustrate his literary theme. London was born the illegitimate son of W.H. Chaney and Flora Wellmen in 1876. He never saw his biological father and his mother had little to do with him. Eight months after his birth, his mother married a man named John London. This is where Jack received his name. Even with his new family, that included two step-sisters, Jack still received little time or love from them. ?He claimed to have felt that he was a boy without a boyhood? (Marshall 749). In ?To Build A Fire,? a man is on a journey through the Yukon. He takes this journey alone, and therefore must face all challenges alone. This is much like the childhood of Jack London. London had to accept all challenges and obstacles in his childhood alone, because his family was not there to support him. Both Jack London and the man in ?To Build A Fire? are in control of their own destiny. As it turns out for the man in ?To Build A Fire,? he faces his death because of his solitude. ! London may be implying that if he had someone to guide him through the early stages of life, he might have turned out to be a more fulfilled and successful person. 2 By the age of twenty-three, London had held a numerous variety of jobs. He had been everything from a newsboy to an oyster bed pirate. He even bummed his way through the United States. In 1897, he traveled to Canada to try his luck in the Yukon Territory gold rush. This is the motivation behind his 1906 novel, White Fang. White Fang Centers around the ability of a man, through love and kindness, to tame a savage wolf, and turn it into a loyal domestic animal. This may not be relevant when talking about the relationship between London?s life and the novels theme. What is relevant though, is that the story did take place in the Yukon, a place where London had been during his life. The story contains struggles of man?s survival against nature, maybe London?s own survival against nature. London could also be portraying his survival against life in general. During the same time period, London had evolved a working philosophy from Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, and Friedrich Nietzsche which explained the world of his experiences to his own satisfaction. ?These experiences persuaded him to join the Socialist Labor Party and crusade for worker?s rights? (Kennedy 118). Even though London claimed to be a socialist, he contradicted his belief in socialism with his individualistic notion of the survival of the fittest. In the short story ?To Build A Fire,? London shows us what happens to the weak. The man freezes to death and the dog survives. London maybe using this story to expand on his survival of the fittest belief. In order for a man to survive the potentially blizzard cold temperatures of the Yukon, he must not only be in top physical 3 condition, he must also be equally fit psychologically. The dog in ?To Build A Fire? had both, a physical conditioning and a mental instinct, something London saw in himself. The man in the story experiences regret for not following the advice given to him earlier, but the dog presses on without regret or pity for the man, the same way London treats life. London began writing in early adulthood. He found it was the easiest way for him to make money. His literary apprenticeship was comparatively short. He started by writing for a local newspaper in San Francisco, and before long the entire country took a liking to his work. London had published his first book, The Son of the Wolf, in 1900. Also in 1900, London married his first wife, Bessie Madden. In 1903 he had left her and his daughters to marry Charmian Kittredge. Shortly after their marriage, London had left his second wife. London had always longed for a

International and Comparative Employment Law Assignment

International and Comparative Employment Law - Assignment Example The labour laws provide protection for the relationship between the workers and the employers. Laws of contract formed the legal basis for protection of workers. The employment contract provided protection to the full-time employees (Casale, 2011). However, those workers without any contractual relationship remained unprotected during the engagement with their employers. Workers are protected against unfair dismissal and are expected to continue working for the same organization permanently or seasonally and they have right to join trade unions. The standard work arrangement remained in force until 1970s when global economic changes brought forth intense competition and uncertainty between enterprises (Barnard et. al., 2004, p.46). Employment was regulated by restrictive employment protection legislation and collective agreement between workers unions and the employers in the post-war Europe (Blanpain & Baker, 2010). Due to intense global market pressure firms started pushing for larger profits and flexibility of contracts with workers and responding to consumers’ needs. The changes in a global market have necessitated for more flexible and secure labour market that can offer satisfaction to employers and workers needs simultaneously. The International Labour Organization (ILO) had a view that flexibilization of labour market resulted in erosion of workers’ rights which affected their earnings security and the steadiness of working and living conditions (Lansky, 2013). The economists put forward a suggestion t o compensate diminishing job security by expanding employment opportunities and social security. Therefore, it was necessary to protect the labour market by ensuring stable and secure jobs in the marker. The quest to provide flexible and secure labour market in the European States has been adopted as European Employment Strategy (Blanpain & Baker, 2010).